Linux基础知识 - Something TO DO

Linux基础知识

Something TO DO posted @ 2014年5月11日 22:42 in Ubuntu with tags linux 基础知识 , 1266 阅读

总结Linux学习中会经常用到又容易忘记的一些小知识

 

1、在纯文本界面下,中文会呈现乱码,如果想要让系统的默认的语系变成英文的话,那么可以修改系统配置文件

【/etc/sysconfig/i18n】。

2、改变用户(用于切换普通用户和root)

sudo su

3、一个文件下ls -al得出的文件描述为:drwxr-xr-- 1 test1 testgroup 5238 Jun 19 10:25 groups/

对于testgroup组之外的other用户权限中【r--】虽然有r,但是由于没有x的权限,因此others的使用者,并不能进入此目录!

4, 下载软件中心的软件所用指令:

sudo apt-get install *****(软件名称)

5,在linux下访问windows盘的内容:

cd /media/***/~~~

其中,***为用户名,~~~为盘符名称

6,  Ubuntu升级出现/boot空间不足解决方法 [1]

可以通过“ls /boot”命令查看/boot中有哪些文件:
zht@zht-Ubuntu:~$ ls /boot
abi-3.5.0-17-generic         lost+found
abi-3.5.0-21-generic         memtest86+.bin
abi-3.5.0-26-generic         memtest86+_multiboot.bin
config-3.5.0-17-generic      System.map-3.5.0-17-generic
config-3.5.0-21-generic      System.map-3.5.0-21-generic
config-3.5.0-26-generic      System.map-3.5.0-26-generic
grub                         vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic
initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic  vmlinuz-3.5.0-21-generic
initrd.img-3.5.0-21-generic  vmlinuz-3.5.0-26-generic
initrd.img-3.5.0-26-generic

可以看到都是一些内核启动文件,很明显有些是我们不需要的(建议先卸载比较老的内核),不需要的就当垃圾处删除吧。理论上,除正在用的其它的都可以卸载,但刚升级的东西可能不稳定,为保险起见,保留1-2个之前版本备用吧

注意:卸载老的内核之前,首先用uname -a查看当前启动的是哪个内核(防止把当前正在使用的内核卸载了):
zht@zht-Ubuntu:~$ uname -a
Linux zht-Ubuntu 3.5.0-26-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 8 23:18:20 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

===============================
卸载旧的内核,命令如下:
//卸载linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic

zht@zht-Ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get purge Linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic

之后根据提示输入yes即可完成卸载。

7,从windows复制的文件中文显示乱码

情况1:在centOS或debian等Unix系统上,使用vim编辑文件时,输入中文时,中文乱码:

#vim /root/.vimrc

输入如下配置:


    syntax on  

    set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,utf-16,gbk,big5,gb18030,latin1  

    set fileencoding=utf-8  

    :wq

再次vim编辑时OK。

解释下:syntax on表示语法高亮;fileencoding表示保存文件时的默认文件编码;fileencodings表示vim读取文件时,采用的编码识别序列,从左往右匹配。

 

情况2:在windows上编写的文件,上传至Linux上,vim编辑时乱码。原因是windows默认使用gbk编码,在Linux上,使用iconv命令可以转码:

#iconv -f GBK -t UTF-8 test.txt -o test2.txt

再次vim编辑时OK。

 

情况3:在secureCRT或xshell等SSH工具上,vim编辑文件时乱码。这个情况很办好:修改客户端的编码格式即可。以secureCRT为例:找到options---session options---terminal---Appearance,把charset encoding改为utf-8就好了。

8,安装windows和linux双系统,其中一个系统不能上网的问题

9,直接用su切换到超级管理员

方法:用

sudo passwd

然后设置密码,之后就可以用su直接切换到超级管理员。

 

参考:

[1] http://blog.csdn.net/zht666/article/details/8776316

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